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"""
Module: services.connection_pool_service
Description: Advanced connection pooling management
Author: Anderson H. Silva
Date: 2025-01-25
License: Proprietary - All rights reserved
"""
import asyncio
from typing import Dict, Any, Optional, List
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
import time
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine, AsyncSession, AsyncEngine
from sqlalchemy.pool import NullPool, StaticPool
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy import text, event
import redis.asyncio as redis
from src.core import get_logger
from src.core.config import settings
logger = get_logger(__name__)
class ConnectionStats:
"""Track connection pool statistics."""
def __init__(self):
self.connections_created = 0
self.connections_closed = 0
self.connections_recycled = 0
self.connection_errors = 0
self.wait_time_total = 0.0
self.wait_count = 0
self.active_connections = 0
self.peak_connections = 0
self.last_reset = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
def record_connection_created(self):
"""Record new connection creation."""
self.connections_created += 1
self.active_connections += 1
if self.active_connections > self.peak_connections:
self.peak_connections = self.active_connections
def record_connection_closed(self):
"""Record connection closure."""
self.connections_closed += 1
self.active_connections = max(0, self.active_connections - 1)
def record_wait(self, wait_time: float):
"""Record connection wait time."""
self.wait_time_total += wait_time
self.wait_count += 1
def get_stats(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Get current statistics."""
uptime = (datetime.now(timezone.utc) - self.last_reset).total_seconds()
return {
"connections_created": self.connections_created,
"connections_closed": self.connections_closed,
"connections_recycled": self.connections_recycled,
"connection_errors": self.connection_errors,
"active_connections": self.active_connections,
"peak_connections": self.peak_connections,
"average_wait_time": self.wait_time_total / max(self.wait_count, 1),
"total_waits": self.wait_count,
"uptime_seconds": uptime,
"connections_per_second": self.connections_created / max(uptime, 1)
}
class ConnectionPoolService:
"""Advanced connection pool management service."""
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize connection pool service."""
self._engines: Dict[str, AsyncEngine] = {}
self._redis_pools: Dict[str, redis.ConnectionPool] = {}
self._stats: Dict[str, ConnectionStats] = {}
self._pool_configs: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = {}
# Default pool configurations
self.DEFAULT_DB_POOL_CONFIG = {
"pool_size": settings.database_pool_size,
"max_overflow": settings.database_pool_overflow,
"pool_timeout": settings.database_pool_timeout,
"pool_recycle": 3600, # Recycle connections after 1 hour
"pool_pre_ping": True, # Test connections before use
"echo_pool": settings.debug,
"pool_use_lifo": True, # Last In First Out for better cache locality
}
self.DEFAULT_REDIS_POOL_CONFIG = {
"max_connections": settings.redis_pool_size,
"decode_responses": True,
"socket_keepalive": True,
"socket_keepalive_options": {
1: 1, # TCP_KEEPIDLE
2: 1, # TCP_KEEPINTVL
3: 5, # TCP_KEEPCNT
},
"retry_on_timeout": True,
"health_check_interval": 30
}
async def initialize(self):
"""Initialize connection pools."""
try:
# Initialize main database pool
await self.create_db_pool(
"main",
settings.get_database_url(async_mode=True),
self.DEFAULT_DB_POOL_CONFIG
)
# Initialize read replica pool if configured
if hasattr(settings, "database_read_url"):
read_config = self.DEFAULT_DB_POOL_CONFIG.copy()
read_config["pool_size"] = settings.database_pool_size * 2 # More connections for reads
await self.create_db_pool(
"read",
settings.database_read_url,
read_config
)
# Initialize Redis pools
await self.create_redis_pool(
"main",
settings.redis_url,
self.DEFAULT_REDIS_POOL_CONFIG
)
# Initialize cache Redis pool with different settings
cache_config = self.DEFAULT_REDIS_POOL_CONFIG.copy()
cache_config["max_connections"] = settings.redis_pool_size * 2
await self.create_redis_pool(
"cache",
settings.redis_url,
cache_config
)
logger.info("connection_pools_initialized")
except Exception as e:
logger.error(
"connection_pool_initialization_failed",
error=str(e),
exc_info=True
)
raise
async def create_db_pool(
self,
name: str,
url: str,
config: Dict[str, Any]
) -> AsyncEngine:
"""Create database connection pool."""
try:
# Filter out pool-specific config when using NullPool
nullpool_config = {
k: v for k, v in config.items()
if k not in ['pool_size', 'max_overflow', 'pool_timeout', 'pool_use_lifo']
}
# Create engine with async-compatible pool
engine = create_async_engine(
url,
poolclass=NullPool,
**nullpool_config
)
# Initialize stats
self._stats[f"db_{name}"] = ConnectionStats()
stats = self._stats[f"db_{name}"]
# Add event listeners for monitoring
@event.listens_for(engine.sync_engine, "connect")
def on_connect(dbapi_conn, connection_record):
stats.record_connection_created()
connection_record.info['connected_at'] = time.time()
logger.debug(f"Database connection created for pool '{name}'")
@event.listens_for(engine.sync_engine, "close")
def on_close(dbapi_conn, connection_record):
stats.record_connection_closed()
if 'connected_at' in connection_record.info:
lifetime = time.time() - connection_record.info['connected_at']
logger.debug(f"Database connection closed for pool '{name}', lifetime: {lifetime:.1f}s")
@event.listens_for(engine.sync_engine, "checkout")
def on_checkout(dbapi_conn, connection_record, connection_proxy):
connection_record.info['checkout_at'] = time.time()
@event.listens_for(engine.sync_engine, "checkin")
def on_checkin(dbapi_conn, connection_record):
if 'checkout_at' in connection_record.info:
usage_time = time.time() - connection_record.info['checkout_at']
if usage_time > 1.0: # Log slow connection usage
logger.warning(f"Slow connection usage in pool '{name}': {usage_time:.2f}s")
# Store engine and config
self._engines[name] = engine
self._pool_configs[f"db_{name}"] = config
# Test connection
async with engine.connect() as conn:
await conn.execute(text("SELECT 1"))
logger.info(
f"database_pool_created",
pool=name,
size=config["pool_size"],
max_overflow=config["max_overflow"]
)
return engine
except Exception as e:
logger.error(
f"database_pool_creation_failed",
pool=name,
error=str(e)
)
raise
async def create_redis_pool(
self,
name: str,
url: str,
config: Dict[str, Any]
) -> redis.ConnectionPool:
"""Create Redis connection pool."""
try:
# Parse password from URL if present
if settings.redis_password:
config["password"] = settings.redis_password.get_secret_value()
# Create connection pool
pool = redis.ConnectionPool.from_url(
url,
**config
)
# Initialize stats
self._stats[f"redis_{name}"] = ConnectionStats()
# Store pool and config
self._redis_pools[name] = pool
self._pool_configs[f"redis_{name}"] = config
# Test connection
client = redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool)
await client.ping()
await client.aclose()
logger.info(
"redis_pool_created",
pool=name,
max_connections=config["max_connections"]
)
return pool
except Exception as e:
logger.error(
"redis_pool_creation_failed",
pool=name,
error=str(e)
)
raise
@asynccontextmanager
async def get_db_session(
self,
pool_name: str = "main",
read_only: bool = False
):
"""Get database session from pool."""
# Use read pool if available and requested
if read_only and "read" in self._engines:
pool_name = "read"
engine = self._engines.get(pool_name)
if not engine:
# No database available - return None
logger.warning(f"Database pool '{pool_name}' not found - running without database")
yield None
return
# Track wait time
start_time = time.time()
async_session = sessionmaker(
engine,
class_=AsyncSession,
expire_on_commit=False
)
async with async_session() as session:
wait_time = time.time() - start_time
if wait_time > 0.1:
self._stats[f"db_{pool_name}"].record_wait(wait_time)
try:
yield session
await session.commit()
except Exception:
await session.rollback()
raise
finally:
await session.close()
async def get_redis_client(
self,
pool_name: str = "main"
) -> redis.Redis:
"""Get Redis client from pool."""
pool = self._redis_pools.get(pool_name)
if not pool:
raise ValueError(f"Redis pool '{pool_name}' not found")
return redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool)
async def get_pool_stats(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Get statistics for all connection pools."""
stats = {
"database_pools": {},
"redis_pools": {},
"recommendations": []
}
# Database pool stats
for name, engine in self._engines.items():
pool = engine.pool
pool_stats = self._stats.get(f"db_{name}")
if pool_stats:
db_stats = pool_stats.get_stats()
# Add pool-specific stats
if hasattr(pool, 'size'):
db_stats["pool_size"] = pool.size()
if hasattr(pool, 'checked_out'):
db_stats["checked_out"] = pool.checked_out()
if hasattr(pool, 'overflow'):
db_stats["overflow"] = pool.overflow()
stats["database_pools"][name] = db_stats
# Generate recommendations
if db_stats.get("average_wait_time", 0) > 0.5:
stats["recommendations"].append({
"pool": f"db_{name}",
"issue": "High wait times",
"suggestion": "Increase pool_size or max_overflow"
})
if db_stats.get("connection_errors", 0) > 10:
stats["recommendations"].append({
"pool": f"db_{name}",
"issue": "High error rate",
"suggestion": "Check database health and network stability"
})
# Redis pool stats
for name, pool in self._redis_pools.items():
pool_stats = self._stats.get(f"redis_{name}")
if pool_stats:
redis_stats = pool_stats.get_stats()
# Add Redis-specific stats
redis_stats["created_connections"] = pool.created_connections
redis_stats["available_connections"] = len(pool._available_connections)
redis_stats["in_use_connections"] = len(pool._in_use_connections)
stats["redis_pools"][name] = redis_stats
# Recommendations
if redis_stats["in_use_connections"] > pool.max_connections * 0.8:
stats["recommendations"].append({
"pool": f"redis_{name}",
"issue": "Near connection limit",
"suggestion": "Increase max_connections"
})
return stats
async def optimize_pools(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Analyze and optimize connection pools."""
optimizations = {
"performed": [],
"suggested": []
}
# Check database pools
for name, engine in self._engines.items():
pool = engine.pool
stats = self._stats.get(f"db_{name}")
if stats:
# Auto-adjust pool size based on usage
current_config = self._pool_configs.get(f"db_{name}", {})
current_size = current_config.get("pool_size", 10)
if stats.peak_connections > current_size * 0.9:
suggested_size = min(current_size * 2, 50)
optimizations["suggested"].append({
"pool": f"db_{name}",
"action": "increase_pool_size",
"current": current_size,
"suggested": suggested_size,
"reason": f"Peak usage ({stats.peak_connections}) near limit"
})
# Check for idle connections
if hasattr(pool, 'size') and hasattr(pool, 'checked_out'):
idle_ratio = 1 - (pool.checked_out() / max(pool.size(), 1))
if idle_ratio > 0.7 and current_size > 5:
suggested_size = max(5, current_size // 2)
optimizations["suggested"].append({
"pool": f"db_{name}",
"action": "decrease_pool_size",
"current": current_size,
"suggested": suggested_size,
"reason": f"High idle ratio ({idle_ratio:.1%})"
})
# Check Redis pools
for name, pool in self._redis_pools.items():
stats = self._stats.get(f"redis_{name}")
if stats:
current_max = pool.max_connections
if stats.peak_connections > current_max * 0.8:
suggested_max = min(current_max * 2, 100)
optimizations["suggested"].append({
"pool": f"redis_{name}",
"action": "increase_max_connections",
"current": current_max,
"suggested": suggested_max,
"reason": f"Peak usage ({stats.peak_connections}) near limit"
})
return optimizations
async def health_check(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Perform health check on all pools."""
health = {
"status": "healthy",
"pools": {},
"errors": []
}
# Check database pools
for name, engine in self._engines.items():
try:
async with engine.connect() as conn:
result = await conn.execute(text("SELECT 1"))
health["pools"][f"db_{name}"] = {
"status": "healthy",
"response_time_ms": 0 # Would need to measure
}
except Exception as e:
health["status"] = "unhealthy"
health["pools"][f"db_{name}"] = {
"status": "unhealthy",
"error": str(e)
}
health["errors"].append(f"Database pool '{name}': {str(e)}")
# Check Redis pools
for name, pool in self._redis_pools.items():
try:
client = redis.Redis(connection_pool=pool)
start = time.time()
await client.ping()
response_time = (time.time() - start) * 1000
health["pools"][f"redis_{name}"] = {
"status": "healthy",
"response_time_ms": round(response_time, 2)
}
await client.aclose()
except Exception as e:
health["status"] = "unhealthy"
health["pools"][f"redis_{name}"] = {
"status": "unhealthy",
"error": str(e)
}
health["errors"].append(f"Redis pool '{name}': {str(e)}")
return health
async def cleanup(self):
"""Clean up all connection pools."""
# Close database engines
for name, engine in self._engines.items():
try:
await engine.dispose()
logger.info(f"Database pool '{name}' closed")
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Error closing database pool '{name}': {e}")
# Close Redis pools
for name, pool in self._redis_pools.items():
try:
await pool.disconnect()
logger.info(f"Redis pool '{name}' closed")
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Error closing Redis pool '{name}': {e}")
self._engines.clear()
self._redis_pools.clear()
self._stats.clear()
# Global instance
connection_pool_service = ConnectionPoolService() |